HomePeptides › NAD+

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Tier 3 · Limited Human DataNot a peptide
Class
Redox coenzyme
Molecular target
Sirtuins, PARPs, CD38, and every dehydrogenase in central metabolism
Sequence / structure
Not applicable — a dinucleotide
Evidence tier
Tier 3 — Limited Human Data
Category
Mitochondrial & Longevity
Emergency card
Signs something is wrong

During IV infusion: chest tightness, a pounding heart, nausea, flushing — these are infusion-rate reactions.

What to do now

Have whoever is running the drip slow it down or stop; the symptoms ease as the rate drops.

When it is an emergency

Chest pain that does not settle when the infusion stops, or trouble breathing → 911.

Any injection — every time

Allergic reaction: hives, swelling of the lips, tongue or throat, wheezing or dizziness can escalate to anaphylaxis within minutes — call 911 immediately. Site infection: spreading redness, heat, swelling, pus or fever is not wait-and-see; an abscess or cellulitis can need drainage or IV antibiotics. Unverified product: grey-market vials are frequently mislabelled or contaminated, so a reaction may be to endotoxin or the wrong contents, not the named compound.

This is not permission or instruction to use this compound. It is harm-reduction information for someone who has already decided to, so that a bad reaction is recognised and treated. When in doubt, get help — embarrassment is survivable.
This is not a peptideNot a peptide at all. NAD+ is a dinucleotide coenzyme — nicotinamide and adenine linked through ribose and two phosphates. It is included because it is sold alongside peptides, injected like them, and discussed as one; it is chemically unrelated.

Biology & mechanism

NAD+ is not a drug in any conventional sense — it is a coenzyme central to metabolism, cycling between NAD+ and NADH to shuttle electrons through glycolysis, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Separately, it is consumed as a substrate by sirtuins, PARPs and CD38, which is what links it to DNA repair and ageing biology. Tissue NAD+ declines with age, and that observation drives the entire field.

The pharmacological problem is fundamental: NAD+ is a large, charged molecule that does not readily cross cell membranes. Administered NAD+ is substantially degraded extracellularly to nicotinamide and related metabolites, which are then taken up and re-synthesised into NAD+ intracellularly. So intravenous NAD+ is, to a considerable degree, an expensive and uncomfortable way to deliver precursors — which is precisely the argument for NMN and NR instead.

What the research actually shows

The decline of NAD+ with age is well established. That raising it produces clinical benefit in humans is not. Precursor trials (NR, NMN) reliably raise blood NAD+ levels — a biomarker — while showing inconsistent and generally modest effects on the outcomes people actually care about. Evidence for intravenous NAD+ specifically, as sold by clinics, is close to nonexistent: it rests on uncontrolled observation and a very large amount of marketing.

Regulatory status

Not an FDA-approved drug. Sold as an oral supplement (as precursors) and administered intravenously by clinics in a regulatory grey area. Nicotinamide riboside has NDI notification status; FDA has taken the position that NMN is excluded from the dietary supplement definition because it was authorised for investigation as a new drug, a determination that remains contested.

Safety signals

Oral precursors are well tolerated at studied doses. Intravenous NAD+ commonly causes chest tightness, nausea and flushing during infusion, which is why it is given slowly over hours. The deeper unknown is that NAD+ metabolism is not uniformly beneficial: NAD+ is also fuel for cancer cell proliferation, and long-term consequences of chronic elevation in humans have not been established.

Clinical trial dosing — what the studies actually used

No established therapeutic dose. IV clinic protocols (commonly 250–1000 mg infused over hours) are not trial-validated. The actual evidence base is precursor trials — see NMN.

Reported from clinical trials or FDA labelling as a matter of record. It is not a recommendation, and for unapproved compounds no dose has been shown safe or effective in humans.

We report study doses, not protocols

Above is what was administered in trials or on FDA labels, reported as fact. We do not convert it into a personal protocol, calculate a dose for your body weight, or tell you what to inject or how to reconstitute it — that decision belongs with a licensed physician. See our editorial policy.

References & further reading

Regulatory status changes. This page reflects our reading of public sources as of July 2026 and should be independently verified before it is relied upon.

Important notice Forge Bioenergy publishes scientific reference information only. Nothing on this site is medical advice, a therapeutic claim, or a recommendation to use any substance in humans. Many peptides described here are not approved by the FDA for any use, and several are approved only for narrow indications under prescription. We do not publish dosing, administration, or usage protocols. Consult a licensed physician before making any medical decision.